invoco Latin · revision 6947

16 Oct 2026, 12:47 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=la vōx}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.wɔ.koː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiɱ.vo.ko]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''invocō''' (present infinitive invocāre, perfect active invocāvī, supine invocātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] and [[vocō]] “to call”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline relates ⟨vocō⟩ to [[vōx]] “voice” and [[ine-pro|*wekʷ-|t=to speak]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Naevius, of calling someone to one's side.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to call to one's side, summon for help, and to call upon gods or the dead, as Plautus' ''invocō vōs, Larēs viālēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also uses it of calling out a mistress's name in throwing dice, and of praying for something.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it of invoking promises or laws, and Cicero of invoking Juno.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant to address someone by an honorific title.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to call upon, invoke.^(Stelten 1995) It passed through Old French ''invoquer'' into [[en|invoke]] in the late 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of summoning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of calling on gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of invoking promises.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 15th century – English ''invoke'' is recorded, through Old French.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To call to one's aid, summon.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To call upon, [[m|en|invoke]] gods or the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To call out a name at dice.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To invoke promises or laws.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To pray for.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To address by a title.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[invocātiō]]
+ * [[invocātor]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vocō]]
+ * [[vōx]]
+ * [[en|invoke]]
+ * [[en|invocation]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}