fastigium Latin · revision 6930

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *bʰers-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fasˈtiː.ɡi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fasˈtiː.d͡ʒi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fastīgium''' ''n'' (genitive fastīgiī or fastīgī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from a stem *farsti-, from Proto-Italic *farstjagjom, from [[ine-pro|*bʰérstis]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰers-|t=tip, point]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Cognate with [[sa|भृष्टि|tr=bhṛṣṭi|t=point]], [[ang|byrst|t=bristle]] and [[mga|brostaim|t=I goad]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL derives it from the verb [[fastīgō]] “to slope to a point”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Lucretius, whom he dates 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations for most senses are from Cicero and Caesar.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a point, tip, apex, a tapering, a slope, as in Caesar, and especially a gabled roof, its triangular front, the pediment, as in Cicero, and an ornament on a temple roof, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) It meant the top of any structure, a summit, and in Quintilian figuratively the peak of an activity or its chief point.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a height or level, even a depth, as in Varro, and in Livy rank or dignity, almost always high.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''culmen'' is the ridge of a roof, ''fastīgium'' its highest point, where the slopes meet in an angle.^(Döderlein 1874) Cicero speaks of putting a ''fastīgium'' on a work as its finishing touch.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant height, summit, gable.^(Stelten 1995) In British Medieval Latin it was also a heraldic chevron.^(DMLBS) Old French ''faîte'' “ridge” comes partly from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a summit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a pediment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of a slope.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of rank.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A point, tip, [[m|en|apex]]; a tapering.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A slope, ''fastīgiō'', sloping.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A gabled roof, [[m|en|pediment]], [[m|en|gable]]; a roof ornament.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The top, summit; the peak, chief point.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Height, level; depth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rank, dignity.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, heraldry)'' A chevron.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sēmifastīgium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fastīgō]]

+ * [[culmen]]

+ * [[en|bristle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}