furor Latin · revision 6929

16 Oct 2026, 12:47 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Catullus|origins=la furō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfʊ.rɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfuː.ror]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''furor''' ''m'' (genitive furōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[furō]] “to rage, be out of one's mind” with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) Etymonline relates it to [[furia]] “rage, fury”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Catullus, whom he dates 81/79–52/50 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of violent madness, and Catullus, of the rage of storms.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant violent madness, delirium, and Cicero sets it apart from ''īnsānia'', calling it what the Greeks call ''melancholía''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant possession by a god, prophetic or poetic inspiration, and personified, Madness or a Fury, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) It meant frenzy, distraction, and hostile rage, as Horace's ''īra furor brevis est'' “anger is a brief madness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Virgil it also meant passionate desire, and its object, and it was used of violent conduct and of the fury of storms.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant indignation, wrath, rage, insanity.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin also used it of error, heresy.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|furor]] came through Old French ''fureur'' in the late 15th century, and [[en|furore]] from Italian in 1790.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of madness and of inspiration.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of the rage of storms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of passion and personifies it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace writes ''īra furor brevis est''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 15th century – English ''furor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Violent [[m|en|madness]], delirium.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Divine possession, prophetic or poetic [[m|en|inspiration]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Madness personified; a Fury.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Frenzy]]; rage, [[m|en|fury]], anger.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Passionate desire; its object.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Violent behaviour.^(OLD 2012)
+ # The rage of storms.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Error, heresy.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[furō]]
+ * [[furia]]
+ * [[īnsānia]]
+ * [[en|furor]]
+ * [[en|furore]]
+ * [[en|fury]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different verb ''fūror, fūrārī'' “to steal”, from [[fūr]] “thief”, is found from Plautus and Cato onwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}