tribuo Latin · revision 6928

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la tribus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtrɪ.bu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtriː.bu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tribuō''' (present infinitive tribuere, perfect active tribuī, supine tribūtum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[tribus]] “tribe”, perhaps as a back-formation from its participle ⟨tribūtus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Gaffiot gives its first sense as “to distribute among the tribes”, of a tax, as Varro explains.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of sharing out.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to share out, apportion, and to divide into categories.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant to grant, bestow, award, as his ''in tribuendō suum cuique'' “in giving each his own”, to devote time or effort, and to ascribe credit or a quality to someone, or impute something to a cause.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to set a value on, pay regard to, as Cicero's ''ut eī plūrimum tribuāmus'' “that we give most to the one who loves us most”, and to pay respect.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein explains that ''impertīre'' is giving out of goodness, ''tribuere'' giving what is due.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to give, bestow, grant.^(Stelten 1995) Its neuter participle ''tribūtum'' “tax” is the source of [[en|tribute]], recorded from the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of sharing out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of granting and ascribing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses ''ultrō tribūtum'' of a voluntary public service.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''tribute'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To share out, [[m|en|apportion]]; to divide.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To grant, [[m|en|bestow]], award.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To devote time or effort.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To ascribe, [[m|en|attribute]]; to impute.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To value, pay regard to; to pay respect.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attribuō]]

+ * [[contribuō]]

+ * [[distribuō]]

+ * [[intribuō]]

+ * [[pertribuo]]

+ * [[retribuō]]

+ * [[tribūtim]]

+ * [[tribūtiō]]

+ * [[tribūtor]]

+ * [[tribūtōrius]]

+ * [[tribūtum]]

+ * [[tribūtus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tribus]]

+ * [[en|tribute]]

+ * [[en|distribute]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}