iustus Latin · revision 6888

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Law of the Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *h₂yew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjuːs.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjus.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iūstus''' (feminine iūsta, neuter iūstum, comparative iūstior, superlative iūstissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from Archaic Latin ⟨iovestos⟩, the oblique stem of [[iūs]] “law, right” with the suffix ⟨-tos⟩, ultimately from [[ine-pro|*h₂yew-]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The ablative ⟨iouestod⟩ appears in the Forum inscription (CIL 1.1).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the Law of the Twelve Tables, which he dates about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest literary citations are from Plautus, of what is due and of fair judges.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant lawful, legitimate, as in ''dies iustī'', the period allowed by law, rightful, due, and of rewards and punishments deserved.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it meant just, fair, impartial, as Plautus' fair judges and Cicero's ''iūstissimus iūdex''.^(OLD 2012) Of actions it meant equitable, of feelings justified, and of reasons sound or valid.^(OLD 2012) It also meant proper, correct, of the right size, full, complete, as Cato's ploughs of the prescribed size, and in military use at full strength, regular, as Livy's armies.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus onwards it could mean properly so called, and in Pliny normal, ordinary.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant just, righteous, and Lewis and Short cite the Vulgate's ''vir iustus'' of Noah.^(Stelten 1995)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In British Medieval Latin it kept the legal sense, lawful, legally appointed.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''giusto'', French ''juste'', Spanish and Portuguese ''justo''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Law of the Twelve Tables has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of what is due and of fair judges.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of the proper size.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''iūstissimus iūdex''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Recognized by law, [[m|en|lawful]], [[m|en|legitimate]]; legally appointed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rightful, due; deserved, merited.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of persons, just, fair, [[m|en|impartial]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In accordance with justice, equitable; based on equity.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Justified; of reasons, sound, valid.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Proper, correct; of the right size or amount, full, complete.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' At full strength; regular, formal.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Properly so called; normal, ordinary.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|Righteous]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iniūstus]]

+ * [[iūstificō]]

+ * [[iūstificus]]

+ * [[iūstitia]]

+ * [[iustum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[en|just]]

+ * [[en|justice]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}