excludo Latin · revision 6885

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈskɫuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈskluː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exclūdō''' (present infinitive exclūdere, perfect active exclūsī, supine exclūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] and [[claudō]] “to shut”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Terence has the shortened perfect ⟨exclusti⟩ for ⟨exclusisti⟩, and Varro the spelling ⟨escl-⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation for excluding from an action is from Plautus, and Cato uses it of uncovering.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to shut out, deny entry, as in Terence and as the people of Gades shut the Carthaginians out of their walls, to cut off a place, and to debar or hinder from an action.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to rule out a course of action, to leave out or omit, as in Varro, and to bring out of a container, and Cicero uses it of hatching from an egg.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to reject, exclude, drive away, keep out.^(Stelten 1995) Its feminine participle gave Late Latin ''exclūsa'' “a barrier shutting out water”, the source of Old French ''escluse'' and [[en|sluice]], and the verb itself gave [[en|exclude]] in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''schiudere'' “to open”, and French ''éclore'' “to hatch” comes from a variant *exclaudere.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of preventing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of uncovering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of shutting out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of hatching.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''exclude'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shut out, keep out, deny entry to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To cut off, separate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|exclude]], debar, hinder, prevent; to rule out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To leave out, [[m|en|omit]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring out, uncover; to [[m|en|hatch]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exclūsiō]]

+ * [[exclusor]]

+ * [[exclūsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[circumclūdō]]

+ * [[claudō]]

+ * [[conclūdō]]

+ * [[disclūdō]]

+ * [[inclūdō]]

+ * [[interclūdō]]

+ * [[occlūdō]]

+ * [[praeclūdō]]

+ * [[rēclūdō]]

+ * [[sēclūdō]]

+ * [[en|exclude]]

+ * [[en|sluice]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}