experior Latin · revision 6883

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈspɛ.ri.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈspɛː.ri.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''experior''' (present infinitive experīrī or experīrier, perfect active expertus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] and a verb *perior, found also in [[opperior]] “to wait for”; compare [[perīculum]] “trial, danger”, [[perītus]] “experienced” and [[grc|πεῖρα|tr=peîra|t=trial, attempt]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016) Wiktionary compares the change of conjugation with [[comperiō]] and [[reperiō]].^(Wiktionary) Terence has a future ⟨experibere⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of making trial of something and of going to law.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make trial of, put to the test, as Cicero's testing the strength of a poison, to resort to an expedient, and absolutely to go to law.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) With an infinitive it meant to attempt, try to, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012) It meant to have experience of, undergo, to learn from experience that, and to find a person to be of a certain kind, as in Horace, and Cato uses the perfect in a passive sense.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''tentāre'' is to make a trial from desire of knowledge, ''perīclitārī'' to make it in contempt of the danger.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to try, endeavour, experience, test.^(Stelten 1995) From it come ''experientia'' and ''experīmentum'', the sources of [[en|experience]] and [[en|experiment]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of testing and of going to law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it with an infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of undergoing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''experience'' is recorded, from ''experientia''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make trial of, put to the [[m|en|test]], try out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To resort to, try an expedient; to go to law.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|attempt]], try to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|experience]], undergo; to learn by experience; to find (someone) to be.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[experiēns]]

+ * [[experientia]]

+ * [[experīmentum]]

+ * [[expertiō]]

+ * [[expertus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[comperiō]]

+ * [[opperior]]

+ * [[perīculum]]

+ * [[perītus]]

+ * [[probrum]]

+ * [[en|experience]]

+ * [[en|experiment]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}