resist English · revision 6882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1374|origins=la resisto}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɹɪˈzɪst/, /ɹəˈzɪst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English resisten, [[bor|fro|resister|t=to hold out against]] and directly [[bor|la|resisto|alt=resistere|t=to stand back; to withstand, oppose]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|re-|t=against]] and [[m|la|sisto|alt=sistere|t=to cause to stand, take a stand]], a reduplicated formation on [[m|la|sto|alt=stāre|t=to stand]],^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998)^(Barnhart 1988) from PIE [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|alt=*sta-|t=to stand]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To stop or hinder, to stand against: about 1374–80, in Chaucer's translation of Boethius.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of persons, to withstand or oppose, and of things, to stop a moving body, are both late 14th-century.^(Etymonline) To withstand a natural force is from 1567.^(OED 1989) To refrain from something tempting, as in ''could not resist'', developed later.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) The noun, resistance, is from 1535 and obsolete;^(OED 1989) in calico printing, a substance applied to protect parts of a fabric from dye is from 1836,^(OED 1989) and in Yorkshire dialect a ''resist'' dye was a fast one.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1374 – to stand against.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1535 – the noun, resistance (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1567 – to withstand a natural force.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1836 – a resist in calico printing.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fight against or [[oppose]]; to refuse to accept.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To withstand the action or effect of: ''resist [[corrosion]]''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To keep from doing or having something tempting: ''couldn't resist''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A protective coating applied to a surface to keep dye, acid or glaze off certain parts.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[resister]]

+ * [[resistingly]]

+ * [[nonresisting]]

+ * [[unresisting]]

+ * [[unresisted]]

+ * [[irresistible]]

+ * [[resistance]]

+ * [[resistant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[resistor]]

+ * [[stand]]

+ * [[consist]]

+ * [[insist]]

+ * [[persist]]

+ * [[assist]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}