familiaris Latin · revision 6871

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la familia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fa.mɪ.liˈaː.rɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fa.mi.liˈaː.ris]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''familiāris''' (neuter familiāre, comparative familiārior, superlative familiārissimus, adverb familiāriter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[familia]] “household” with the suffix [[-āris]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline calls it a dissimilation of *familiālis.^(Etymonline) Its ablative singular is usually ⟨familiārī⟩, but Rutilius Rufus and Sulpicius Rufus have ⟨familiāre⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of what belongs to one's household and of household slaves.^(OLD 2012) Köbler also starts with Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of the household, and as a noun a member of the household, especially a slave, and Seneca says the ancestors called slaves ''familiārēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Rēs familiāris'' was one's private property, estate.^(OLD 2012) It meant private, personal, and in divination by entrails, relating to the person sacrificing, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It meant of the family, closely connected, intimate, and as a noun a close friend, as in Plautus and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It then meant well known, familiar, customary, congenial, and in Seneca experienced or at home in something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant friendly, familiar, intimate, and as a noun a household servant or an intimate friend.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin a ''familiāris'' was a manorial dependant, a ministerial, or a member of a ruler's household, and in Britain a member of a military retinue.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|familiar]] came through Old French in the mid-14th century, first as “intimate, very friendly”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the household and of intimates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of friendship and of what is well known.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of being at home in something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''familiar'' is recorded, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of one's [[m|en|household]], domestic, ''rēs familiāris'', one's private property.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Private, personal.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of one's family; closely connected, akin.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Intimate]], friendly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Well known, [[m|en|familiar]]; customary; congenial.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Experienced in, acquainted with.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A member of a household, especially a slave.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A close friend, intimate.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A manorial dependant; a member of a ruler's household.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[familiaresco]]

+ * [[familiāricus]]

+ * [[familiāritās]]

+ * [[perfamiliāris]]

+ * [[familiāriter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[familia]]

+ * [[en|familiar]]

+ * [[en|family]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}