formula Latin · revision 6869

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la fōrma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfoːr.mʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɔr.mu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fōrmula''' ''f'' (genitive fōrmulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a diminutive of [[fōrma]] “form, shape, beauty” with the suffix [[-ula]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Lewis and Short arrange its senses after those of ⟨fōrma⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus' ''Persa'', of a girl's pretty looks (''fōrmula atque aetātula'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense, prettiness, is found only in Plautus, and it also meant a shape or outline, and in Ammianus a shoemaker's last.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Livy it meant a register or list, especially of those liable for military service, the territory attached to a state or province, a charter or system, and legal status.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant the terms of a law or compact, and in Varro a set form of words, especially in Roman law the model plea in the praetor's album, the written formula that defined a lawsuit, so that ''fōrmulam intendere'' was to bring an action.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a rule or standard, a pattern, a standard measure, and in grammar a paradigm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a set of words, formula, form, rule.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin also used it of a couch or bed frame, a choir stall, and a copy of a document.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|formula]] is recorded in the 1630s, of words used in a ceremony.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of prettiness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a set form of words and of a grammatical pattern.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the terms of a law and of the written formula of a lawsuit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a register and of a territory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English ''formula'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Prettiness; shape, outline.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A register, roll, especially of those liable for military service; a territory, jurisdiction.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|charter]]; a system; legal status.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The terms of a law or compact.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A set form of words, [[m|en|formula]], ''(law)'' the written formula defining a lawsuit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A rule, standard; a pattern; a [[m|en|paradigm]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A couch; a choir stall; a copy.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[formulārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fōrma]]

+ * [[en|formula]]

+ * [[en|form]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}