iudex Latin · revision 6850

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=la iūs, la dīcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjuː.dɛks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjuː.deks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iūdex''' ''m'' (genitive iūdicis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[iūs]] “law” and an agent noun from the root of [[dīcō]] “to say, show”, so “one who declares the law”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*jowes-dik-|t=judge]].^(de Vaan 2008) Early inscriptions spell it with ⟨ou⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the Twelve Tables, about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a person appointed to decide a case at law, a judge, and a member of a panel hearing a case, a juror, especially in the standing courts.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used of a judge or umpire in a contest, as Catullus' Phrygian judge Paris, and by transfer of a critic or assessor.^(OLD 2012) It is sometimes feminine, as in Lucan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Late and Medieval Latin it meant any public official, and in the plural the magnates; in Britain it was the justice in eyre, and in Poland a land or castle judge.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)^(eLexicon Polonorum) It survives in Italian ''giudice'', French ''juge'' and Spanish ''juez''.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''juge'' it is the source of [[en|judge]], as a noun in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of Paris as judge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of judges appointed by the praetor.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''judge'' is recorded as a noun.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|judge]] (in a case at law).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|juror]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A judge, [[m|en|umpire]] (in a contest).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A critic, assessor.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A public official.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iūdicātus]]

+ * [[iūdicium]]

+ * [[iūdicābilis]]

+ * [[iūdicātiō]]

+ * [[iūdicātō]]

+ * [[iūdicātum]]

+ * [[iūdiciālis]]

+ * [[iūdiciāliter]]

+ * [[iūdiciārius]]

+ * [[iūdiciolum]]

+ * [[iūdicō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūdicātōrius]]

+ * [[iūdicātrix]]

+ * [[iūstitia]]

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[dīcō]]

+ * [[en|judge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}