senatus Latin · revision 6847

16 Oct 2026, 12:39 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sen-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sɛˈnaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [seˈnaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''senātus''' ''m'' (genitive senātūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[senex]] “old man” with the suffix -ātus, literally “council of elders”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ''Senex'' goes back to [[itc-pro|*seno-|t=old]], [[ine-pro|*sen-o-|t=old]].^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore of Seville derived [[senātūscōnsultum]] from [[cōnsulō]].^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who has the old genitive ''senātī''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the permanent political assembly at Rome, the senate, first advisory, later with judicial and legislative powers, as in the formula ''senātus populusque Rōmānus'', and a meeting of the senate, as Cicero's day when no senate met.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Its genitive was often ''senātī'' or ''senātuos'' in older Latin and in Cicero and Sallust.^(OLD 2012) The ''Appendix Probi'' corrects ''sinatus'' to ''senātus''.^(Appendix Probi)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it meant a municipal council, a royal or princely council, the papal curia, and in England the witenagemot.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|senate]] is recorded about 1200, of the Roman body.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a sitting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses the genitive ''senātī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''senate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The [[m|en|senate]] (of Rome).^(OLD 2012)
+ # A meeting of the senate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A council; the papal curia.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[senātūscōnsultum]]
+ * [[senāculum]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[senātor]]
+ * [[senātōrius]]
+ * [[senātrīx]]
+ * [[senex]]
+ * [[en|senate]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}