luceo Latin · revision 6838

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *lewk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫuː.ke.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈluː.t͡ʃe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūceō''' (present infinitive lūcēre, perfect active lūxī); second conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*l(o)ukē-|t=to be light]], [[inh|ine-pro|*luk-éh₁-|t=to be light]], from the root [[ine-pro|*lewk-|t=to shine]] of [[lūx]] “light”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan notes that the stative has an unexpected full grade, perhaps from the causative *lowk-éye- or from the root noun, and that the transitive sense “to light” found in Plautus may be old.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, who speaks of bright lights shining.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to emit light, shine, of heavenly bodies and fire, as Cicero's star shining with borrowed light, and impersonally ''lūcet'' “it is light, day dawns”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of polished surfaces it meant to shine with reflected light, glitter, and figuratively to be clear, evident, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''lūcēre'' is a steady brightness, while [[fulgeō]] is a glaring one.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''lucere'', French ''luire'' and Spanish ''lucir''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|lucid]] comes from its adjective ''lūcidus'', recorded in the 1590s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of shining lights.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it transitively.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a star.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''lucid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shine]], give light, ''lūcet'', it is light.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To glitter, [[m|en|sparkle]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To be evident.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[allūceō]]

+ * [[circumlūceō]]

+ * [[collūceō]]

+ * [[dīlūceō]]

+ * [[ēlūceō]]

+ * [[illūceō]]

+ * [[interlūceō]]

+ * [[lūcēscō]]

+ * [[lūcibilis]]

+ * [[lūcidus]]

+ * [[lūmen]]

+ * [[perlūceō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lūx]]

+ * [[en|lucid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}