consilium Latin · revision 6837

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *selh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kõːˈsɪ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈsiː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnsilium''' ''n'' (genitive cōnsiliī or cōnsilī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cōnsulō]] “to consult” with the suffix -ium, as [[exilium]] beside [[exulō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(de Vaan 2008) ''Cōnsulō'' goes back to [[itc-pro|*kom-sel-e/o-|t=to consult]], from [[ine-pro|*s(e)lh₁-|t=to take]].^(de Vaan 2008) Etymonline instead connects it with the root of [[calō|alt=calāre|t=to summon]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, who speaks of a man from whom peoples and kings seek counsel.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant debate, deliberation, with phrases such as ''cōnsilium inīre'' “to take counsel”, and advice, counsel, as Plautus' ''nec tū ut faciās cōnsilium dabō''.^(OLD 2012) By metonymy it was an advisory body, a council, or an adviser, as Catiline's council.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a decision or measure, an intention or purpose, as Plautus' ''cōnsilium est ita facere'' “I mean to do so”, and deliberate choice, with ''cōnsiliō'' “on purpose”.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it very frequent in all periods, and distinguish it from [[concilium]], an assembly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was the counsel a vassal owes his lord, and in Poland also a town council and a legal defence.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(eLexicon Polonorum) It survives in Italian ''consiglio'' and Spanish ''consejo''.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''counseil'' it is the source of [[en|counsel]], recorded about 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of counsel sought by kings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of advice and intention.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a council.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''counsel'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Deliberation, debate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Advice, [[m|en|counsel]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|council]]; an adviser.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A decision, resolution.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An intention, purpose, plan.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Deliberate choice, ''cōnsiliō'', on purpose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The counsel owed by a vassal.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnsiliārius]]

+ * [[cōnsilior]]

+ * [[cōnsiliōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[concilium]]

+ * [[cōnsulō]]

+ * [[cōnsul]]

+ * [[en|counsel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}