audeo Latin · revision 6811

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂ew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈau̯.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaːu̯.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''audeō''' (present infinitive audēre, perfect active ausī or ausus sum, supine ausum); second conjugation, optionally semi-deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ The old perfect ''ausī'' occurs in Cato, and the subjunctive ''ausim'' is frequent from Plautus onwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[avidus]] “greedy” with the stative suffix -ēre, so that it first meant “to be greedy, to want very much”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) This older sense survives in [[sōdēs]] “if you please”, from *sī audēs “if you wish”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) For the further origin see [[aveō]] “to long for”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, whose line says that no one dared to break the king.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In negative questions it meant to have a mind to do something, intend, as Plautus' ''ausim'', and then to have the courage to do something, dare, venture, as Plautus' character who dares to say a thing so boldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Absolutely it meant to be bold, act boldly, as in Ennius, and with an accusative to dare to undertake, as Plautus' question who would be bolder if he dared such a deed.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''audēre'' looks at the danger of an undertaking and the courage it needs, while [[cōnor]] looks at its importance and the effort.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ [[en|audacious]] comes through French from its derivatives ''audācia'' and [[audāx]], first in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of daring to break the king.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the subjunctive ''ausim''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses the old perfect ''ausī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''audacious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To have a mind (to do something), intend.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have the courage, [[m|en|dare]], venture.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be [[m|en|bold]], act boldly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dare to undertake.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dare to go.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[audāx]]

+ * [[audentia]]

+ * [[ausum]]

+ * [[ausus]]

+ * [[inausus]]

+ * [[audēns]]

+ * [[ausō]]

+ * [[sōdēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ausim]]

+ * [[audiō]]

+ * [[aveō]]

+ * [[avidus]]

+ * [[en|audacious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}