cieo Latin · revision 6807

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *keyh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈki.e.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.e.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cieō''' (present infinitive ciēre, perfect active cīvī, supine citum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kieō|t=to stir]], [[inh|ine-pro|*keyh₂-|t=to set in motion]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reconstructs an aorist *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- “to start to move” and a participle *(ḱ)i(h₂)-to-, and sees the present as secondary.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἔκιε|tr=ékie|t=started to move]], [[grc|κίνυμαι|alt=κῑ́νυμαι|tr=kī́numai|t=to be moved]] and [[grc|κινέω|tr=kinéō|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character swears another will die before he has moved a heel.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to move, set in motion, stir up, then to call, rouse or summon, to urge on, as Ennius' Cassandra stirred by Apollo, and to excite or give rise to conditions, as Accius' fever.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to produce sounds or tears, as Catullus' sobs, and to call on by name, invoke.^(OLD 2012) A variant ''ciō, cīre'' is found.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) The simple verb became obsolete in Classical Latin, replaced by the frequentative [[citō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ [[en|excite]] comes from its compound ''exciēre'' through the frequentative ''excitāre'', in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of moving a heel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of Apollo rousing a prophetess.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of sobs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''excite'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|move]], set in motion, stir up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To call, rouse, [[m|en|summon]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To urge on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|excite]], give rise to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To produce (sounds, cries, tears).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To call on by name, [[m|en|invoke]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accieō]]

+ * [[citirēmis]]

+ * [[citō̆]]

+ * [[concieō]]

+ * [[exciō]]

+ * [[incitus]]

+ * [[percieō]]

+ * [[procieo]]

+ * [[recieō]]

+ * [[omniciēns]]

+ * [[sollicitus]]

+ * [[acciō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[accitiō]]

+ * [[accitus]]

+ * [[citātē]]

+ * [[citātim]]

+ * [[citātiō]]

+ * [[citātōrium]]

+ * [[citātus]]

+ * [[citipēs]]

+ * [[concitātē]]

+ * [[concitātiō]]

+ * [[en|excite]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}