cippus Latin · revision 6806
16 Oct 2026, 12:39 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *(s)ḱeyp-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɪp.pʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃip.pus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cippus''' ''m'' (genitive cippī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ De Vaan tentatively derives it from [[itc-pro|*keipo-]], [[ine-pro|*(s)ḱeip-o-|t=pole, stick]], with the double ⟨pp⟩ by expressive lengthening, if an older ⟨ceip⟩ in an inscription belongs here.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It is probably related to [[scīpiō]] “staff”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[sa|शेप|tr=śépa-|t=tail, penis]] and perhaps [[grc|σκοῖπος|tr=skoîpos]] in Hesychius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a boundary stone or pillar, as Varro's stones marking the sacred boundary of Rome, and a tombstone, usually showing the extent of the burial ground, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short also give a stake or post, and Caesar uses it of sharpened stakes in a defence work.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant a tree stump, the stocks for prisoners, a prison and a strongbox.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''ceppo'' and French ''cep'' “vine stock”, and [[en|cep]] is borrowed from French ''cèpe''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the boundary stones of Rome.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of sharpened stakes.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a tombstone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|boundary]] stone or pillar.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|tombstone]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A stake, post; sharpened stakes in a defence work.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A tree stump; the [[m|en|stocks]]; a prison.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[scīpiō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}