judgment English · revision 6791

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=mid-13th century|origins=fro jugier}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/; /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mɪnt/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English jugement, [[bor|fro|jugement|t=legal judgment; diagnosis; the Last Judgment]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|fro|jugier|t=to judge]] (see [[judge]]) and [[-ment]].^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Trial at law, and the capacity to make decisions: the mid-13th century in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) the OED's first sense, the trial of a case in court, is from 1297.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A sentence imposed by a court is from the late 13th century,^(Etymonline) about 1290 in the OED,^(OED 1989) and any authoritative decision or verdict from the early 14th century.^(Etymonline) An opinion is from about 1300.^(Etymonline) The final trial of humankind by God, the [[Last Judgment]], is from the late 14th century, as is ''Judgment Day'';^(Etymonline) the OED has the divine judgment from 1340.^(OED 1989) Discernment, the ability to judge well, is first recorded in the 1530s,^(Etymonline) and a misfortune seen as a sign of divine displeasure by the 1610s.^(Etymonline) To ''sit in judgment'' on others, to criticize them with an air of superiority, is from about 1440.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * mid-13th century – trial; capacity for deciding.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1290 – a court's sentence.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1300 – an opinion.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1340 – the Last Judgment.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1530s – discernment.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1610s – a divine punishment.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The ability to make sensible decisions; [[discernment]] or good sense.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An opinion formed after consideration.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(law)'' The decision of a court, or a debt or obligation arising from it.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A misfortune regarded as a punishment from [[God]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''Judgment'': the [[Last Judgment]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[self-judgment]]

+ * [[judgmental]]

+ * [[day of judgment]]

+ * [[declaratory judgment]]

+ * [[private judgment]]

+ * [[summary judgment]]

+ * [[value judgment]]

+ * [[judgment call]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[judge]]

+ * [[judgement]]

+ * [[judicial]]

+ * [[judicious]]

+ * [[prejudice]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Both ''judgment'' and ''judgement'' are common,^(Collins 2023) and ''judgement'' is more usual in British English, but British legal use keeps ''judgment''.^(Collins 2023)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}