gluten Latin · revision 6784

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *gleyH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡɫuː.tɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡluː.ten]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''glūten''' ''n'' (genitive glūtinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gloiten|t=glue]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gloh₁i-t-|t=slime, glue]], from [[ine-pro|*gleyH-|t=to stick, smear]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan notes that its suffix *-t- is otherwise unknown and may be linked with the rare [[glittus]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|γλοιός|tr=gloiós|t=glutinous substance, gum]], [[grc|γλία|tr=glía|t=glue]], [[cy|glynu|t=to stick]] and [[lt|glitìs|t=mucus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The OLD also compares [[ang|clǣġ|t=clay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro and Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler's first source is Lucretius, whom he dates 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant glue, paste or any similar sticky substance, as the bees' glue gathered for building in Virgil's Georgics.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) The form [[glūtinum]] is used alongside it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was glue, gum or bird-lime, also used figuratively.^(DMLBS) A Late Latin form ''glus'' gave Old French ''glu'', whence [[en|glue]] in the early 13th century.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) [[en|gluten]] was borrowed in the 1630s for a sticky substance, and since 1803 of the protein part of wheat flour.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the glue of bees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''glue'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1630s – English ''gluten'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Glue]], paste or a similar sticky substance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Bird-lime; a bond (figurative).^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[glūtinārius]]

+ * [[glutineus]]

+ * [[glūtinō]]

+ * [[glūtinōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[glūtinum]]

+ * [[en|glue]]

+ * [[en|gluten]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}