holus Latin · revision 6782

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰelh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɔ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔː.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''holus''' ''n'' (genitive holeris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Festus reports the old forms ''helus'', plural ''helusa'', ''olus'' is a frequent spelling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from Old Latin [[m|la|helus]], [[inh|itc-pro|*χelos-|t=greens]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵʰelh₃-os|t=green things]], from the root [[ine-pro|*ǵʰelh₃-|t=green, yellow]] of [[helvus]] “yellowish”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) In the oblique cases *holor- regularly became ⟨holer-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) Festus records the old forms [[m|la|helus]] and [[m|la|helusa]], which de Vaan takes seriously, and a dialect form [[m|la|folus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character complains that people serve him raw greens.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant vegetables or pot-herbs, usually in the plural or as a collective, as Horace's dining on greens.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) With adjectives it named particular plants: ''holus ātrum'' was alexanders, ''holus marīnum'' a seashore plant like cabbage.^(OLD 2012) The spelling ''olus'' is also common.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was any green vegetable or herb, with ''holus rēgium'' “mallow”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of raw greens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses the ablative plural ''holeris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a meal of vegetables.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Vegetables]], pot-herbs.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''holus ātrum'', [[m|en|alexanders]] (''Smyrnium olusatrum'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[helvus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}