irrito Latin · revision 6781

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃reyH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪrˈriː.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [irˈriː.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''irrītō''' (present infinitive irrītāre, perfect active irrītāvī, supine irrītātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the old subjunctive ''irrītāssis'' for ''irrītāveris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan explains it as a verb from [[in-]] and a participle [[itc-pro|*rīto-|t=stirred]], [[ine-pro|*h₃riH-to-|t=whirled, stirred]], from the root [[ine-pro|*h₃reyH-|t=to whirl, flow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) A frequentative is possible only with haplology from *rītitāre.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|रीयते|tr=rī́yate|t=flows, whirls]], [[grc|ὀρίνω|alt=ὀρῑ́νω|tr=orī́nō|t=to stir up]] and [[ang|rīd|t=stream]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Older dictionaries compared [[grc|ἐρεθίζω|tr=erethízō|t=to provoke]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character warns that if he is provoked, the other will leave with broken loins.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to move to anger, provoke, vex, then to excite to action or feeling, rouse, stimulate, and to awaken a state of mind, as the licence Cicero roused rather than repressed.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to aggravate a condition, as Ovid's rage that grows when checked, and in medicine to irritate a sensitive part, as Celsus' teeth.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says [[lacessō]] challenges the reason and will of another, while ''irrītāre'' provokes the feelings to anger.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ [[en|irritate]] was borrowed in the 1530s in the sense “to rouse”, and later took the meaning “to annoy”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of provoking someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of rousing licence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of irritating the teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''irritate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|provoke]], anger, vex.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rouse, [[m|en|stimulate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To awaken (a feeling).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|aggravate]] (a condition).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To [[m|en|irritate]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[irrītābilis]]

+ * [[irrītāmen]]

+ * [[irrītāmentum]]

+ * [[irrītātiō]]

+ * [[irrītātor]]

+ * [[irrītātrīx]]

+ * [[irrītātus]]

+ * [[rītō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōrītō]]

+ * [[rīvus]]

+ * [[lacessō]]

+ * [[en|irritate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different late verb ''irritō'' with short i, from [[irritus]] “void”, meant “to make void, invalidate”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}