lacer Latin · revision 6780

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *leh₂k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫa.kɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlaː.t͡ʃer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lacer''' (feminine lacera, neuter lacerum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*lakeros|t=torn, ragged]], from [[ine-pro|*leh₂k-|t=to tear]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Meiser reconstructs *lh₂k-ero-, while Melchert takes it as an adjective *laki-ro- “torn” from a noun *lh₂kí- “tearing”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|λακίς|tr=lakís|t=rent, tatters]], [[grc|λακίζω|tr=lakízō|t=to tear]] and [[sla-pro|*laxъ|t=rags]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) [[lacerō]] and [[lancinō]] belong to the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius, who speaks of a trunk mangled with its limbs cut off.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of bodies and limbs it meant mutilated, mangled, lacerated, as Virgil's Deiphobus, and of things badly damaged, shattered, or of clothes torn, as Ovid's shattered ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short note it is not used by Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin it kept the sense mutilated, torn.^(DMLBS)

+

+ [[en|lacerate]] comes from the participle of its verb [[lacerō]], in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a mangled trunk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of mutilated Deiphobus.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''lacerate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Mutilated, mangled, [[m|en|lacerated]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Shattered, broken, (of clothes) [[m|en|torn]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lacerō]]

+ * [[lancinō]]

+ * [[lacinia]]

+ * [[en|lacerate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}