dose English · revision 6750

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1425|origins=grc δόσις}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈdəʊ̯s/, /ˈdɵ̞ʊ̯s/ ''(UK)''; /ˈdoʊ̯s/, /ˈdɔʊ̯s/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frm|dose]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[la-lat|dosis]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[grc|δόσις|tr=dósis|t=a giving, gift; portion of medicine]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) from [[m|grc|δίδωμι|tr=dídōmi|t=to give]], from PIE [[ine-pro|*deh₃-|alt=*do-|t=to give]].^(Etymonline) Galen and other Greek physicians used dosis for an amount of medicine.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The giving of medicine in a set amount: probably about 1425, in a translation of Chauliac's surgery,^(Barnhart 1988) the early 15th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A definite quantity of medicine to be taken at one time is from 1600 in the OED,^(OED 1989) and figurative doses of anything to be swallowed from 1607.^(OED 1989) The verb, to give medicine, is from 1654.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) An unpleasant experience is from 1847,^(OED 1989) ''like a dose of salts'', very quickly (the salts being Epsom salts, a laxative), from the mid-19th century,^(Cresswell 2021)^(OED 1989) and a case of venereal disease from 1914.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) An amount of radiation is from 1912.^(OED 1989) [[dosage|alt=Dosage]] is from 1867.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1425 – a giving of medicine.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1600 – a quantity of medicine.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1654 – the verb.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1847 – an unpleasant experience.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1912 – of radiation.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1914 – venereal disease.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A measured quantity of a [[medicine]] or [[drug]] taken at one time.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An amount of [[radiation]] received or absorbed.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' An amount of something, especially something unpleasant: ''a dose of flu''.^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(slang)'' A case of venereal disease.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give a dose of medicine to.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[doser]]

+ * [[isodose]]

+ * [[megadose]]

+ * [[underdose]]

+ * [[bulldoze]]

+ * [[absorbed dose]]

+ * [[booster dose]]

+ * [[effective dose]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dosage]]

+ * [[donor]]

+ * [[date]]

+ * [[antidote]]

+ * [[anecdote]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}