pavio Latin · revision 6738

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *peh₂w-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.wi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.vi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paviō''' (present infinitive pavīre, perfect active pavīvī, supine pavītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pawje/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ph₂u-ie/o-|t=to hit]].^(de Vaan 2008) Hackstein and the LIV reconstruct a present *pi(e)h₂-u-ie/o- with an initial *pi̯- lost in Italic, while Janda posits [[ine-pro|*peh₂w-|t=to strike]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|παίω|tr=paíō|t=to strike]], [[lt|pjáuti|t=to cut, reap]] and [[lv|pļaũt|t=to mow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD calls the origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato, who orders a newly laid floor to be rammed down.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to thump, pound, strike, as Cicero's sacred chickens dropping food that strikes the ground, and Lucretius' sea beating the sand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Specifically it meant to ram down earth to form a hard, level surface, tamp, as Varro's threshing floor of firmly beaten earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ [[en|pavement]] comes from its derivative [[pavīmentum]] “beaten floor” in the mid-13th century, and [[en|pave]] through Old French ''paver'' in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of ramming down a floor.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of beaten earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of food striking the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''pave'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To thump, [[m|en|pound]], strike.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To ram down, [[m|en|tamp]] (earth, to make a hard surface).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pavīcula]]

+ * [[pavīmentum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pūr(i)gō]]

+ * [[pūrus]]

+ * [[putō]]

+ * [[en|pave]]

+ * [[en|pavement]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}