sulcus Latin · revision 6733

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *selk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsʊɫ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsul.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sulcus''' ''m'' (genitive sulcī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*solko-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*solk-o-|t=furrow]], from the root [[ine-pro|*selk-|t=to pull, draw]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Greek ''holkós'' makes *solko- likelier than *sl̥k-o-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ὁλκός|tr=holkós|t=furrow; hauling-engine]], [[grc|ἕλκω|tr=hélkō|t=to draw, drag]], [[sq|heq|t=to draw]] and [[ang|sulh|t=plough]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who says that ploughing kills an ox in every fifth furrow.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a furrow made by the plough, also the furrow ploughed to mark the line of a city, a narrow ditch or trench for water or for planting, as in Cato, and any furrow or rut left by something moving, as a ship's wake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of the skin it meant a wrinkle, as in Martial.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''sulcus'' is the furrow itself, [[porca]] the ridge between two furrows.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''solco'', Catalan ''solc'' and Romanian ''sulc''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|sulcus]] was borrowed in the 1660s for a groove, and in anatomy for a fissure of the brain.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a ploughed furrow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a drainage trench.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of wrinkles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1660s – English ''sulcus'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|furrow]] made by the plough.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A narrow ditch, [[m|en|trench]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A furrow or rut; a ship's wake.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A [[m|en|wrinkle]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bisulcis]]

+ * [[trisulcus]]

+ * [[bisulcus]]

+ * [[sulcō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[porca]]

+ * [[en|sulcus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}