cassis Latin · revision 6731

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkas.sɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkas.sis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cassis''' ''f'' (genitive cassidis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The OLD suggests an Etruscan origin, and Isidore of Seville says the Etruscans called the helmet ''cassis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Isidore)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan notes that only the Germanic words for “hat”, as [[ang|hætt|t=hat]] and [[goh|huot|t=hat, helmet]], are credible cognates, but a PIE root *kadʰ- would break the rules of root structure; if it is a loan, the type -is, -idis looks Greek.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a helmet, usually of metal and plumed, as Caesar's muleteers in helmets made to look like cavalry.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) By metonymy it meant war or active service, as Juvenal's age used to the sea and the helmet.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''cassis'' was a metal helmet, [[galea]] a leather one.^(Döderlein 1874)^(Isidore) A by-form [[cassida]] occurs in Propertius and Virgil.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ In Medieval Latin it was a helmet, also used figuratively.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''casside''.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of muleteers in helmets.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of military service.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A metal [[m|en|helmet]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(metonymy)'' War, military service.^(OLD 2012)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cassida]]

+ * [[cassidīle]]

+ * [[cassīta]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[galea]]

+ * [[en|hat]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different word ''cassis, cassis'' (masculine, usually plural ''cassēs'') meant a hunting net, a spider's web and figuratively a trap; de Vaan connects it with [[catēna]] “chain”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}