incendo Latin · revision 6699

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la candeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪŋˈkɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incendō''' (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Festus records an old perfect subjunctive ''incēnsit'' for ''incenderit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-|t=in]] and a verb *cand-, as in [[candeō]] “to glow, be white-hot” and [[candidus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Compare [[accendō]] and [[succendō]], with the same element.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of setting buildings on fire.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to set on fire, kindle, burn, especially buildings meant for destruction, as Cicero's ships, and to burn incense and perfumes.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant to scorch, as of fever, and to light up, cause to glow.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to fire with strong feeling, excite, as in Plautus, to stir up a passion or conflict, as in Terence, and to intensify or aggravate.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says [[accendō]] sets fire from outside at one point, ''incendō'' from within, as to houses, and [[inflammō]] makes something burst into flame.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Spanish ''encender'' and Italian ''incendere''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|incense]] comes in the late 13th century from its participle as Late Latin ''incēnsum'' “that which is burnt”, and [[en|incendiary]] about 1400 from ''incendiārius''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of burning buildings and of exciting feelings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of stirring up passion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of burning ships.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''incense'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To set on [[m|en|fire]], [[m|en|kindle]], burn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To scorch, make fiery hot.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To light up, make glow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|inflame]], excite (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stir up (a passion, conflict).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To intensify; to aggravate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incendefacio]]

+ * [[incendium]]

+ * [[incēnsiō]]

+ * [[incensor]]

+ * [[superincendō]]

+ * [[incēnsum]]

+ * [[incēnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[incendiālis]]

+ * [[incendiārius]]

+ * [[incendiōsus]]

+ * [[candeō]]

+ * [[accendō]]

+ * [[en|incense]]

+ * [[en|incendiary]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}