socio Latin · revision 6695
16 Oct 2026, 12:32 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la socius}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sociō''' (present infinitive sociāre, perfect active sociāvī, supine sociātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[socius]] “companion, ally” with the verbal suffix -ō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Socius'' goes back to the root [[ine-pro|*sekʷ-|t=to follow]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Cicero, of uniting persons in partnership.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to attach a person to another as partner or associate, to unite in partnership, in marriage, as in Virgil, in an alliance, as in Livy, or by kinship.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to make one's plans or resources common with another's, to share goods, as Cicero's sharing of a throne, and to combine or unite things, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short note that Cicero mostly uses it of things.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to share in, unite, join.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|associate]] comes from its compound ''associāre'' in the mid-15th century, and [[en|association]] in the 1530s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of partnership and of sharing a throne.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of alliances.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''associate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To unite as partners, [[m|en|associate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To unite in marriage, alliance or kinship.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make common (plans, resources).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|share]] (goods).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To combine, unite (things).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[associō]]
+ * [[dissociō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[socius]]
+ * [[en|associate]]
+ * [[en|association]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}