incendium Latin · revision 669

10 Oct 2026, 02:41 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪŋˈkɛn.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛn.di.um]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''incendium''' ''n'' (genitive incendiī or incendī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is formed from [[incendo|alt=incendere]] “to set on fire” with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ''Incendere'' is a compound of [[m|la|in-]] and the root of [[candeo|alt=candēre]] “to shine, glow”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Pokorny 1959)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates it from Lucretius,^(Köbler 2010) but the OLD cites it already in Ennius, of a torch wrapped in blood and [[m|en|fire]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a destructive fire, accidental or deliberate, and in poetry fire or flames, including volcanic fires and incendiary missiles.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant fiery heat, of the body or the sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Figuratively it was used of outbreaks of hostility, as in Cicero's ''incendium belli Punici'', of violent passions, especially love, and of soaring corn prices (''incendium annonae'').^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In medieval Latin it meant arson and the jurisdiction over cases of arson.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as French ''incendie'' and Italian ''incendio'',^(Wiktionary) and its derivative ''[[incendiarius]]'' gave [[en|incendiary]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a burning torch.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it for forest fires.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a burning fleet and figuratively of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it for the burning heat of the stars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * Middle Ages – It means arson.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|fire]], [[m|en|conflagration]], (poetic) flames.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # An incendiary missile; a meteor.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Fiery heat.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(figurative)'' An outbreak (of war, hostility); the fire of passion, ''incendium annonae'': high corn prices.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|arson|alt=Arson]]; jurisdiction over arson.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[incendialis]]
+ * [[incendiārius]]
+ * [[incendiosus]]
+ * [[incendō]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[candeō]]
+ * [[en|incendiary]]
+ * [[en|incense]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}