aridus Latin · revision 6672

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eHs-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaː.rɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.ri.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''āridus''' (feminine ārida, neuter āridum, superlative āridissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A contracted form ''ardus'' occurs in Plautus, Lucilius and inscriptions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[āreō]] “to be dry” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Āreō'' goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂eHs-|t=to burn, glow]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, who also has the contracted form ''ardus''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant devoid of moisture, dry, of places waterless, as in Sallust, of a cough dry, and of food solid.^(OLD 2012) It meant lacking proper moisture, withered, of fruit and meat dried for keeping, of streams dried up and of soil barren, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) It also meant parched with thirst, of persons wizened, of sounds harsh, as in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012) Plautus' ''argentum āridum'' was hard cash, and it also meant miserly, frugal, as in Plautus and Cicero, and penniless, as in Martial.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of style it meant plain, dry, as in the Rhetorica ad Herennium.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''āridus'' has lost its moisture through heat from within, while [[torridus]] is dried by heat from outside.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant dry-eyed and withered or paralysed.^(DMLBS) [[en|arid]] was borrowed in the 1650s, with the sense “uninteresting” from 1827.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of dried food and of hard cash.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of harsh sounds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it of dry style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English ''arid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Dry]], waterless.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Withered; dried (for preservation); barren.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Parched with thirst.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Wizened, shrivelled.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of sound)'' Harsh.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''argentum āridum'', hard cash.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Miserly; frugal.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Penniless.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of style)'' Plain, austere, dry.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ārida]]

+ * [[āriditās]]

+ * [[aridulus]]

+ * [[aridum]]

+ * [[ārdeō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[āreō]]

+ * [[torridus]]

+ * [[en|arid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}