circumduco Latin · revision 6669
16 Oct 2026, 12:32 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la dūcō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɪr.kʊnˈduː.koː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃir.kumˈduː.ko]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''circumdūcō''' (present infinitive circumdūcere, perfect active circumdūxī, supine circumductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[circum-|t=around]] and [[dūcō]] “to lead”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus has it in the senses “to trick” and “to show round”, and uses the imperative ''circumdūce''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to lead round in a circle, wheel round, as Cicero's plough drawn round to trace a city's bounds, and to lead by a roundabout route as a manoeuvre, frequent in military language, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it meant to mislead, cheat someone out of something, as in Plautus, and to show someone round.^(OLD 2012) In grammar it meant to pronounce with a circumflex, prolong a sound, as in Quintilian, and in Pliny the Elder to go round or draw a line round; in law to cancel.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to lead about.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''circondurre''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of deceiving and of showing round.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of drawing a plough round.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of leading troops round.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of prolonging a sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To lead round, wheel round.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lead by a roundabout route.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|deceive]], cheat.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To show round.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(grammar)'' To pronounce with a circumflex, prolong.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To go round; to draw a line round.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[circumductiō]]
+ * [[circumductor]]
+ * [[circumductum]]
+ * [[circumductus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abdūcō]]
+ * [[addūcō]]
+ * [[condūcō]]
+ * [[dēdūcō]]
+ * [[dīdūcō]]
+ * [[dūcō]]
+ * [[ēdūcō]]
+ * [[indūcō]]
+ * [[intrōdūcō]]
+ * [[obdūcō]]
+ * [[circumdō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}