iudico Latin · revision 6639

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la iūdex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjuː.dɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjuː.di.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iūdicō''' (present infinitive iūdicāre, perfect active iūdicāvī, supine iūdicātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[iūdex]] “judge” with the verbal suffix -ō.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary) ''Iūdex'' is a compound of [[iūs]] “law” and the root of [[dīcō]] “to say”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary) Some early inscriptions spell it ⟨ioud-⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of judging a case and passing sentence.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it meant to judge, try or decide a case, to act as judge, with ''rēs iūdicāta'' “a matter already decided”, to adjudge or award, to sentence or condemn, and to pronounce judgement that something is so, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to decide officially, decree, as to declare someone a public enemy.^(OLD 2012) More generally it meant to make up one's mind, decide, to judge, estimate, to form the opinion that, consider, to approve, and to infer, conclude; in Seneca it meant to show discernment.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''iūdicāre'' is to judge with the authority of a judge, [[cēnseō]] with that of a censor or senator.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in French ''juger'', Italian ''giudicare'' and Spanish ''juzgar''.^(Wiktionary) Through Anglo-French ''juger'' it is the source of [[en|judge]], recorded about 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of judging and sentencing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of judicial decisions and opinions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of showing discernment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''judge'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|judge]], try, decide (a case); to act as judge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To adjudge; to [[m|en|sentence]], condemn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pronounce judicially; to declare guilty.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To decree, declare officially.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To decide, make up one's mind.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To estimate, appraise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To consider, be of the opinion (that).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To infer, conclude.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abiūdicō]]

+ * [[adiūdicō]]

+ * [[dēiūdicō]]

+ * [[dīiūdicō]]

+ * [[iniūdicātus]]

+ * [[iūdex]]

+ * [[iūdicābilis]]

+ * [[iūdicātiō]]

+ * [[iūdicātōrius]]

+ * [[iūdicātrīx]]

+ * [[iūdicātum]]

+ * [[iūdicātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūdiciālis]]

+ * [[iūdiciāliter]]

+ * [[iūdiciārius]]

+ * [[iūdiciolum]]

+ * [[iūdicium]]

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[en|judge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}