pedes Latin · revision 6633

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la pēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɛ.dɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɛː.des]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pedes''' ''m'' (genitive peditis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[pēs]] “foot”, with the ending of [[comes]] “companion”: one who goes on foot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation for the soldier is Cato.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a person who goes on foot, as Livy's ''pedes incēdat'' “go on foot” and Virgil's hero going against the enemy on foot, and especially a foot soldier, infantryman, with the plural ''peditēs'' “infantry”, as in Caesar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Equitēs peditēsque'' “horse and foot” was a name for the whole citizen body, from the old military classes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was one who goes on foot, and the plural was glossed as ''poyners'', foot soldiers.^(DMLBS) Isidore of Seville explains the metrical feet, ''pedēs'', which is the plural of [[pēs]], not this word.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of foot soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses the plural of infantry.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of going on foot.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who goes on [[m|en|foot]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A foot soldier, [[m|en|infantryman]], (plural) infantry.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[peditātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pēs]]

+ * [[pedester]]

+ * [[eques]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}