quadrus Latin · revision 6632

16 Oct 2026, 12:19 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Quintilian|origins=la quattuor}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷa.drʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷaː.drus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quadrus''' (feminine quadra, neuter quadrum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It comes from the root of [[quattuor]] “four”, as in [[quadri-]] and [[quārtus]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) The adjective is not attested before Late Latin, but its feminine and neuter are Classical as the nouns [[quadra]] “square table” and [[quadrum]] “square”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Quintilian, whom he dates c. 35–95/96 AD.^(Köbler 2010) Lewis and Short call it post-classical, citing Palladius and the Vulgate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant square, as a square boundary stone, Palladius' square store-room and the Vulgate's ''quadrī lapidēs'' “hewn stones”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant square.^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it was a squared stone, ashlar, a frame, a fourth part of an inheritance and a land measure, and in music ''b quadrum'' was the natural sign.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''quadro'' and Spanish ''cuadro'' “picture”, and through a Vulgar Latin *exquadra in Old French ''esquarre'', the source of [[en|square]] in the mid-13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has ''quadrī lapidēs''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-13th century – English ''square'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|Square]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin, as noun)'' A squared stone, ashlar; a frame.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[quadra]]
+ * [[quadrō]]
+ * [[quadrum]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[quattuor]]
+ * [[en|square]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}