secundus Latin · revision 6630

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la sequor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sɛˈkʊn.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [seˈkun.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''secundus''' (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an old participle or gerundive of [[sequor]] “to follow”, from [[itc-pro|*sekʷondo-|t=following]], with the suffix of [[oriundus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The meanings “favourable, fair” come from a wind or current that follows behind one.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, who has ''secundō lūmine'' “on the following day”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ First it meant going along with one: of winds blowing in one's direction, favourable, as in Plautus, of sails and voyages, and of currents, as ''secundō flūmine'' “downstream”.^(OLD 2012) Of gods and fortune it meant supporting, propitious, as in Cicero, of omens favourable, and of outcomes successful, with ''rēs secundae'' “prosperity”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Then it meant following in order: the second, as in Plautus, second in battle line or in a race, the next, and ''secunda mēnsa'' “dessert”.^(OLD 2012) It meant a reserve, as ''hērēs secundus'' “substitute heir”, second-rate or inferior, and in Cicero ''secundae partēs'' “the second role”.^(OLD 2012) In medicine the feminine plural ''secundae'' was the afterbirth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives in French ''second'', Italian ''secondo'' and Spanish ''segundo''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|second]] came through Old French about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of the following day.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of favourable winds and as the ordinal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of favourable gods and second roles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''second'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(of wind or current)'' Following, [[m|en|favourable]], ''secundō flūmine'', downstream.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Propitious, supportive, ''rēs secundae'', prosperity.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Successful.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Second]]; next.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Reserve, substitute.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Second-rate, inferior.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(feminine plural, medicine)'' The afterbirth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[insecundus]]

+ * [[Secundānus]]

+ * [[secundārius]]

+ * [[secundicērius]]

+ * [[secundō]]

+ * [[secundum]]

+ * [[secunda]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sequor]]

+ * [[en|second]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}