racism English · revision 6606

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1902}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɹeɪsɪzm̩/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably from [[fr|racisme]],^(MWU 2024) or formed in English from [[race]] and [[-ism]].^(SOED 2002)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The doctrine of racial supremacy, the theory that human characteristics and abilities are determined by race: by 1928, in a European context, and in common use from 1935;^(Etymonline) MWU's first known use is 1902.^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Etymonline quotes James Strachey Barnes's ''The Universal Aspects of Fascism'' (1928), which speaks of Racism as the principle of racial self-determination.^(Etymonline) It was applied to American social systems from the late 1930s.^(Etymonline) The sense of prejudice and discrimination against people of another race, the same as [[racialism]], is from 1936.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023) The related [[racist]] is from about the same period.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1902 – first known use (MWU).^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1928 – the doctrine of racial supremacy.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1936 – racial prejudice.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[prejudice|alt=Prejudice]], [[discrimination]] or hostility directed against people because of their [[race]] or [[ethnicity]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The belief that races have inherited characteristics that make some superior to others.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[racist]]

+ * [[antiracism]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[antiracist]]

+ * [[race]]

+ * [[racial]]

+ * [[racialism]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}