afficio Latin · revision 6603

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la faciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [afˈfɪ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [afˈfiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''afficiō''' (present infinitive afficere, perfect active affēcī, supine affectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ad-|t=to]] and [[faciō]] “to do, make”, with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short prefer the spelling ⟨adficiō⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of treating someone in a certain way and of stirring emotions.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to do something to someone so that body or mind is brought into a certain state: to affect, influence, make an impression, as in Lucretius, and to treat in a given manner.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an ablative it meant to endow someone with something, as ''sepultūrā afficere'' “to grant burial”, to involve in disgrace or misfortune, and to visit with death or punishment, as in Varro.^(OLD 2012) It meant to cause harm, as in Tacitus, to stir with an emotion, and to move strongly, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it also meant to advance a task towards completion.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to affect, treat, influence.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|affect]] “mental state” came in the late 14th century from its participle ''affectus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of treating and moving someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of physical effects.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''affect'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|affect]], influence.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To treat (in a given manner).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To endow (with), ''sepultūrā afficere'', to grant burial.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To involve (in misfortune); to visit (with punishment).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To harm.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|move]], stir (emotionally).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To advance (a task).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[affectiō]]

+ * [[affectus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[faciō]]

+ * [[en|affect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}