agricultura Latin · revision 6602
16 Oct 2026, 11:49 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cicero|origins=la ager, la cultūra}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [a.ɡrɪ.kʊɫˈtuː.ra], [a.ɡrɪ.kʊɫˈtuː.raː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [a.ɡri.kulˈtuː.ra], [a.ɡri.kulˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''agricultūra''' ''f'' (genitive agricultūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a contraction of the phrase [[agrī cultūra|t=cultivation of the field]], from the genitive of [[ager]] “field” and [[cultūra]] “cultivation”.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short and Gaffiot prefer the separate spelling, and the OLD lists it under the entry for cultivation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Cicero praises grafting as the cleverest invention of agriculture, and Caesar says the Germans do not devote themselves to it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant agriculture, the cultivation of land, as Cicero's ''homo agrī cultūrae'' “a farmer”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant the demesne, an arable field or ploughland, and figuratively, after Paul's “you are God's field”, the spiritual cultivation of souls.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''agricoltura'' and Spanish and Portuguese ''agricultura''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|agriculture]] came in the mid-15th century, first used figuratively of God's work.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero praises the inventions of agriculture.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar says the Germans do not practise it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm uses it as one word.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''agriculture'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Agriculture]], cultivation of land.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Arable land; the demesne.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ager]]
+ * [[cultūra]]
+ * [[agricola]]
+ * [[en|agriculture]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}