animalis Latin · revision 6600
16 Oct 2026, 11:47 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂enh₁-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [a.nɪˈmaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [a.niˈmaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''animālis''' (neuter animāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[anima]] “breath, soul” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ''Anima'' goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂enh₁-|t=to breathe]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Cicero, of the element air.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant consisting of air, as in Cicero's list of substances earthy, fiery, airy or watery, then living, animate, and life-giving, vital, with ''vēna animālis'' “artery”, and belonging to a living creature, animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) As a noun it meant a living creature, an animal.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it meant of the soul, and in the Pauline sense natural, of the flesh, as opposed to spiritual.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|animal]] came in the early 14th century from its neuter used as a noun, [[animal]] “living being”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of air and of living things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''animal'' (from ''animal'') is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of air, aerial.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Living, [[m|en|animate]]; vital.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of a living creature, [[m|en|animal]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of the soul; of the flesh.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[animālitās]]
+ * [[animal]]
+ * [[exanimālis]]
+ * [[inanimālis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[animus]]
+ * [[anima]]
+ * [[en|animal]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}