animo Latin · revision 6599
16 Oct 2026, 11:46 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *h₂enh₁-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈa.nɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.ni.mo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''animō''' (present infinitive animāre, perfect active animāvī, supine animātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[anima]] “breath, life” with the verbal suffix -ō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short and Gaffiot relate it also to [[animus]] “mind, spirit”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Pacuvius, of giving life.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Pacuvius 220–130 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to give life to, quicken, as in Cicero, and in Ovid to turn ships into nymphs; it also meant to revive or refresh.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to endow with a certain temperament, and to rouse, animate, as in Titinius.^(OLD 2012) In art it meant to make lifelike, in Statius to fill stones with movement, and in Apuleius to fill with breath, blow on two pipes at once.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to quicken, animate, endow.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''animare''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|animate]] was borrowed from its participle in the 1530s, first meaning “to fill with courage”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of giving life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of animating.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of blowing pipes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1530s – English ''animate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To give life to, [[m|en|animate]]; to revive.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To endow with a temperament; to rouse.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make lifelike (in art).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fill with breath, blow.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[animabilis]]
+ * [[animātiō]]
+ * [[animator]]
+ * [[animatrix]]
+ * [[animātus]]
+ * [[animax]]
+ * [[exanimō]]
+ * [[inanimans]]
+ * [[inanimātus]]
+ * [[redanimo]]
+ * [[ūnanimans]]
+ * [[animāns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[anima]]
+ * [[animus]]
+ * [[en|animate]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}