avidus Latin · revision 6596
16 Oct 2026, 11:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂ew-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈa.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''avidus''' (feminine avida, neuter avidum, comparative avidior, superlative avidissimus, adverb avidē or aviditer); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[aveō]] “to long for” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Aveō'' goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂ew-|t=to favour, desire]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, and the OLD cites him for the sense “eager”.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant greedy for gain, covetous, as in Plautus, greedy for food or drink, of animals, jaws and plants, and of things voracious, insatiable, as Lucretius' fire.^(OLD 2012) It meant eager, ardent, as in Ennius, and eagerly desirous of something, as Cicero's ''glōriae avidior'' “more eager for glory” and Sallust's eagerness for war, and in Horace lustful.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short say it can be used of lawful or unlawful desires, unlike [[avārus]] “greedy for money”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ It survives in Italian ''avido'' and Spanish ''ávido''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|avid]] came through French in 1769.^(Etymonline) The verb [[audeō]] “to dare” was formed from it.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of eagerness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of greed for gain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of eagerness for glory.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1769 – English ''avid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Greedy for gain, covetous.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Greedy (for food or drink).^(OLD 2012)
+ # Voracious, insatiable.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Eager, ardent, [[m|en|avid]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Desirous (of).^(OLD 2012)
+ # Lustful.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[audeō]]
+ * [[avidē]]
+ * [[aviditās]]
+ * [[aviditer]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[avārē]]
+ * [[avāriter]]
+ * [[avāritia]]
+ * [[avāritiēs]]
+ * [[avārus]]
+ * [[avēns]]
+ * [[aventer]]
+ * [[aveō]]
+ * [[en|avid]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}