celsus Latin · revision 6584

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *kelH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɛɫ.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛl.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''celsus''' (feminine celsa, neuter celsum, comparative celsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of an unattested verb *cellō “to rise”, found in [[excellō]] and [[antecellō]], from [[ine-pro|*kelH-|t=to rise]], the root of [[collis]] “hill” and [[columen]] “top”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Livius Andronicus, of something tall.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant high, lofty, tall, as Horace's high towers, of people tall, and situated high up, as in Cato, also of a magistrate's chair or a horseman.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant upright, with the head held high, as in Ennius and Cicero's man created tall and erect, and so erect with pride, elated, confident.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant high in rank, and high-minded, noble, as in the Rhetorica ad Herennium.^(OLD 2012) As a cognomen it was borne by the medical writer Celsus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant loud, and spiritually exalted.^(DMLBS) Italian ''gelso'' “mulberry” is from it.^(Wiktionary) [[en|excel]] and [[en|excellent]] come from its compound ''excellere''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of height.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of an upright posture.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a high position.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of pride.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|High]], lofty, tall.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Situated high up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Upright, erect; proud, elated.^(OLD 2012)

+ # High in rank.^(OLD 2012)

+ # High-minded, [[m|en|noble]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[celsitūdō]]

+ * [[praecelsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[antecellō]]

+ * [[excellō]]

+ * [[praecellō]]

+ * [[collis]]

+ * [[columen]]

+ * [[en|excel]]

+ * [[en|excellent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}