civicus Latin · revision 6582

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la cīvis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkiː.wɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.vi.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cīvicus''' (feminine cīvica, neuter cīvicum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cīvis]] “citizen” with the suffix [[-icus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus, whose ''intrā mūrōs cīvicōs'' means “within the city walls”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of one's city, then of fellow citizens, civil, as Horace's civil strife and Ovid's civil wars, and legal or civil as opposed to military.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''cīvica corōna'' was a garland of oak leaves given for saving a fellow citizen's life in battle, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Lewis and Short call it rarer than [[cīvīlis]], and mostly poetic outside that phrase.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant civil, civic.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|civic]] was borrowed in the 1540s, first in ''civic crown''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the city walls.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero mentions the ''cīvica corōna''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of civil strife.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''civic'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the city.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of fellow citizens, [[m|en|civil]], ''cīvica corōna'', the civic crown.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Civil (as opposed to military).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cīvīle]]

+ * [[cīvīlis]]

+ * [[cīvīlitās]]

+ * [[cīvīliter]]

+ * [[cīvis]]

+ * [[cīvitās]]

+ * [[cīvitātula]]

+ * [[en|civic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}