civilitas Latin · revision 6581

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Quintilian|origins=la cīvis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kiːˈwiː.lɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃiˈviː.li.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cīvīlitās''' ''f'' (genitive cīvīlitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cīvīlis]] “of citizens” with the suffix [[-tās]], and ''cīvīlis'' is from [[cīvis]] “citizen”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Quintilian, who uses it three times to translate Greek ''politikḗ'' “politics”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is Ennius.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Quintilian c. 35–95/96 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Quintilian it meant the science of politics.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Suetonius it meant behaving as an ordinary citizen rather than a ruler, unassumingness, affability, as in his praise of Augustus' clemency and civility.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the Vulgate it meant citizenship.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant the right of citizenship, the body of citizens and the city-state, and also civil authority, statesmanship, civility and refinement.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''civiltà''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|civility]] came in the late 14th century, first meaning “the status of a citizen”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of politics.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of Augustus' affability.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of citizenship.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''civility'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The science of [[m|en|politics]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unassuming behaviour, affability, [[m|en|civility]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Citizenship]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The body of citizens; the city-state.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cīvicus]]

+ * [[cīvīle]]

+ * [[cīvīlis]]

+ * [[cīvīliter]]

+ * [[cīvis]]

+ * [[humānitās]]

+ * [[en|civility]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}