colonia Latin · revision 6580
16 Oct 2026, 11:27 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la colō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔˈɫoː.ni.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koˈlɔː.ni.a]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''colōnia''' ''f'' (genitive colōniae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[colōnus]] “farmer, settler” with the suffix [[-ia]], and ''colōnus'' is from [[colō]] “to till, inhabit”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Isidore of Seville explained that a colony is filled with new cultivators when natives are lacking, and so is named from tilling the land.^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Cato, of a settlement of citizens.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a settlement of Roman citizens sent out from Rome, or the settlers themselves, with ''colōniam dēdūcere'' “to found a colony”, as in Cicero; a ''colōnia Latīna'' had settlers with Latin rights.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also used of colonies of other states, as in Caesar, and in Varro of a swarm of bees.^(OLD 2012) In Columella and the Digest it meant a landed estate, a farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Several provincial cities bore the name, as ''Colōnia Agrippīna'', modern Cologne.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it was the holding of a ''colōnus'', the dues owed from it, and figuratively a monastery.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian and Spanish ''colonia'' and French ''colonie''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|colony]] came in the late 14th century, and [[en|cologne]] comes from the city's name, as in ''eau de Cologne''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a settlement of citizens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a swarm of bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of founding colonies.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''colony'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|colony]], settlement of citizens; the settlers.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A landed estate, farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The holding of a ''colōnus''.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[colōniārius]]
+ * [[colōnārius]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[agricola]]
+ * [[colō]]
+ * [[colōna]]
+ * [[colōnātus]]
+ * [[colōnicus]]
+ * [[colōnus]]
+ * [[culta]]
+ * [[cultē]]
+ * [[cultiō]]
+ * [[cultor]]
+ * [[en|colony]]
+ * [[en|cologne]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}