wound English · revision 6572
16 Oct 2026, 11:19 by bogdan “en10k b0261: jealous … abortion” current version
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+ English has two words spelled wound: the injury, pronounced /wuːnd/, and the past tense of [[wind]], to turn or coil, pronounced /waʊnd/.^(Roach et al. 2011)^(Etymonline)
+
+ {{homograph|1|injury}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725|origins=gem-pro *wundō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /wuːnd/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The injury is Middle English wounde, [[inh|ang|wund|t=hurt, injury]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[gem-pro|*wundō]],^(Etymonline) cognate with [[osx|wunda]], [[nl|wond]], [[de|Wunde]] and [[non|und]];^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) its relations beyond Germanic are uncertain,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) though Watkins suggests PIE [[ine-pro|*wen-|t=to beat, wound]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ An injury: about 725, in ''Beowulf'', in Barnhart;^(Barnhart 1988) the OED has about 900.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The verb, to inflict a wound, is from Old English wundian, about 760 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Figurative use, of hurt feelings or pride, is from before 900 for the noun,^(OED 1989) and for the verb since the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) The (Five) Wounds of Christ are from about 1175,^(OED 1989) and ''wounds!'' (God's wounds) was an oath from about 1350.^(OED 1989) A surgical incision is from 1668.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 725 – an injury.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * c. 760 – the verb.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * c. 1175 – the Wounds of Christ.^(OED 1989)
+ * late 14th century – to hurt the feelings.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An injury to living tissue, especially one in which the skin is cut or broken.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # An injury to a person's feelings or reputation.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ===Verb===
+ # To inflict a wound on; to [[injure]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # To hurt someone's feelings.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[wounded]]
+ * [[woundwort]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|past tense of wind}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 14th century|origins=ang windan}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /waʊnd/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The past tense and past participle of [[wind]], to turn or coil, [[inh|ang|wunden]], the past participle of [[m|ang|windan|t=to wind]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ As an adjective, having been wound: the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ ''Wound up'', fully wound, is by 1788, and figuratively tense or excited later.^(Etymonline)^(AHD)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * late 14th century – wound, as an adjective.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1788 – wound-up.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Verb===
+ # Past tense and past participle of [[wind]], to turn or coil.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[wound-up]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[wind]]
+ * [[wen]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}