concludo Latin · revision 6564

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔŋˈkɫuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koŋˈkluː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''conclūdō''' (present infinitive conclūdere, perfect active conclūsī, supine conclūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-]] and [[claudō]] “to shut”, with ⟨au⟩ weakened to ⟨ū⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of shutting up and of blocking a way.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to shut up, confine, as Cicero's animals and stagnant water, to enclose land, to close a passage, to fasten, and to include within limits.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to restrict, limit, then to bring to an end, finish, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) In rhetoric it meant to round off a sentence as a period, and in logic to infer, deduce, conclude, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to enclose, shut in, conclude.^(Stelten 1995) French ''conclure'' and Spanish ''concluir'' are borrowings.^(Wiktionary) [[en|conclude]] was borrowed in the early 14th century, and [[en|conclusion]] comes from ''conclūsiō''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shutting up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of closing in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of concluding and inferring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''conclude'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shut up, confine; to enclose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To close, block.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To include; to restrict.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To end, [[m|en|conclude]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' To round off (a period).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|infer]], deduce.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conclūsiō]]

+ * [[conclūsum]]

+ * [[conclūsūra]]

+ * [[conclūsus]]

+ * [[reconcludo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[claudō]]

+ * [[inclūdō]]

+ * [[en|conclude]]

+ * [[en|conclusion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}