consto Latin · revision 6561

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la stō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkõː.stoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔn.sto]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnstō''' (present infinitive cōnstāre, perfect active cōnstitī, supine cōnstātum); first conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-|t=together]] and [[stō]] “to stand”, from Proto-Italic *komstaēō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Its perfect forms cannot be told apart from those of [[cōnsistō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of people standing together talking.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to stand together, take up a position, as Plautus' characters who stop and chat, of water to stand in a ditch, as in Cato, and to stand still, remain steady.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to consist of, be composed of, as in Lucilius, to be based on, to exist, to last, and to remain unchanged, also to stand firm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Impersonally ''cōnstat'' meant “it is decided”, “it is plain”, “it is agreed, known”, as in Cicero and Livy.^(OLD 2012) Of statements it meant to be consistent, with ''sibi cōnstāre'' “to be consistent with oneself”, and of accounts to balance.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to cost, as in Plautus, and to be worth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''costare'', French ''coûter'', Spanish ''costar'' and Romanian ''custa'' “to cost”.^(Wiktionary) Through Vulgar Latin *costāre and Old French it is the source of [[en|cost]] about 1200, and [[en|constant]] comes from its participle ''cōnstāns''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of standing together and of costing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of standing water.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''cōnstat'' “it is agreed”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''cost'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand together; to stand still.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To consist (of), be composed (of).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To depend (on).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To exist; to last; to remain unchanged.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stand firm.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(impersonal)'' ''cōnstat'', it is agreed, it is known, it is plain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be consistent, (of accounts) to balance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|cost]]; to be worth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnstantia]]

+ * [[incōnstāns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[cōnsistō]]

+ * [[en|cost]]

+ * [[en|constant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}