cooperio Latin · revision 6549

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la operiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ko.ɔˈpɛ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ko.oˈpɛː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cooperiō''' (present infinitive cooperīre, perfect active cooperuī, supine coopertum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-]] and [[operiō]] “to cover”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) A contracted form ⟨coperiō⟩ occurs in Cato, Lucretius and others.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of covering completely.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to cover completely, cover up, and ''lapidibus cooperīre'' meant to stone, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Livy's soldier is ''coopertus tēlīs'' “overwhelmed by missiles”.^(Gaffiot 2016) In the perfect participle with an ablative it meant overwhelmed, buried, steeped in crime or misfortune, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note it is most frequent in the perfect participle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It survives in French ''couvrir'', Italian ''coprire'', Spanish ''cubrir'' and Romanian ''acoperi''.^(Wiktionary) Through Late Latin ''coperīre'' and Old French ''covrir'' it is the source of [[en|cover]] in the mid-12th century, and Medieval Latin ''discooperīre'' “to uncover” gave [[en|discover]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of covering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of stoning and of being steeped in crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a man overwhelmed by missiles.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-12th century – English ''cover'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cover]] completely, cover up, ''lapidibus cooperīre'', to stone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(participle)'' Overwhelmed, steeped (in crime, misfortune).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cooperculum]]

+ * [[cooperīmentum]]

+ * [[coopertōrium]]

+ * [[discooperiō]]

+ * [[percooperio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[operiō]]

+ * [[en|cover]]

+ * [[en|discover]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}