cupido Latin · revision 6547
16 Oct 2026, 10:54 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la cupiō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kʊˈpiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kuˈpiː.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cupīdō''' ''f'' (genitive cupīdinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[cupiō]] “to desire” with the suffix [[-īdō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Plautus, who uses it for carnal desire.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant passionate desire, longing, as in Cato, Livy's desire to found a city and Sallust's desire for glory, also carnal desire, lust, as in Plautus, and greed for gain, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Gaffiot calls it poetic, and it is sometimes masculine, as in Plautus and Horace.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has the forms ''cūpēdō'' and ''cuppēdō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says ''cupīdō'' is desire as an active impulse, [[cupiditās]] the passion as a state of mind.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant greed, desire.^(DMLBS) The personified ''Cupīdō'' was the god of love, the son of Venus, whence [[en|Cupid]] in the late 14th century.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of lust.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of longing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of greed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''Cupid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Desire]], longing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Carnal desire, [[m|en|lust]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Greed]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[procupido]]
+ * [[lucricupido]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cupiō]]
+ * [[cupiditās]]
+ * [[cupidus]]
+ * [[en|Cupid]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ As a proper name, masculine ''Cupīdō'' is Cupid, the god of love; the plural ''Cupīdinēs'' are the Loves.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}